{"id":29829,"date":"2022-07-28T08:31:00","date_gmt":"2022-07-28T06:31:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/naturzentrum-thurauen.ch\/?p=29829"},"modified":"2022-10-10T08:34:49","modified_gmt":"2022-10-10T06:34:49","slug":"fascinante-chauve-souris","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/naturzentrum-thurauen.ch\/fr\/fascinante-chauve-souris\/","title":{"rendered":"Fascinante chauve-souris"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Les chauves-souris, mammif\u00e8res volants<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des mammif\u00e8res ? C\u2019est exact ! Les chauves-souris font partie des mammif\u00e8res ! Et parmi les mammif\u00e8res, elles constituent le seul groupe d\u2019esp\u00e8ces qui ma\u00eetrise le vol actif. Mais comment est-ce possible ? La structure des membres est similaire chez tous les mammif\u00e8res, puisqu\u2019elle a son origine dans la m\u00eame ligne \u00e9volutionnaire. Les chauves-souris poss\u00e8dent donc elles aussi des doigts \u2013 comme nous les hommes. Mais ces doigts sont fortement modifi\u00e9s et dot\u00e9s d\u2019une nouvelle fonction. Les diff\u00e9rentes phalanges sont extr\u00eamement allong\u00e9es et recouvertes d\u2019une membrane alaire qui va jusqu\u2019aux pattes de derri\u00e8re. Elle peut ainsi \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9e \u00e0 une surface optimale pour le vol actif.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les doigts des chauves-souris (source\u00a0: https:\/\/www.fledermaus-bayern.de\/K%C3%B6rperbau.html<\/a>)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Comment la chauve-souris parvient-elle \u00e0 man\u0153uvrer si habilement dans le noir ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les chauves-souris sont des animaux nocturnes. Afin de s\u2019orienter dans l\u2019obscurit\u00e9, elles combinent leur vue \u00e0 ce que l\u2019on appelle l\u2019\u00e9cholocation. \u00c0 cet effet, elles \u00e9mettent des cris dans la gamme des ultrasons, inaudibles pour nous. L\u2019\u00e9cho de ces cris, qui revient aux chauves-souris avec un l\u00e9ger retard, leur permet de localiser des objets. Outre la forme et la distance de l\u2019objet, elles peuvent m\u00eame distinguer gr\u00e2ce aux diff\u00e9rentes fr\u00e9quences de l\u2019\u00e9cho la texture des surfaces. Les chauves-souris g\u00e9n\u00e8rent ainsi une \u00ab image auditive \u00bb de leur environnement, qui est probablement tr\u00e8s proche du champ de vision humain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Une chauve-souris en vol pendant la nuit (source : Manuel Ruedi, Mus\u00e9um Gen\u00e8ve, https:\/\/fledermausschutz.ch\/biologie<\/a><\/em>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Le murin de Daubenton \u2013 portrait d\u2019une chauve-souris des Thurauen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avec une envergure d\u2019environ 27 cm et un poids d\u2019environ 10 g, le murin de Daubenton (Myotis daubentonii<\/em>) compte parmi les chauves-souris de taille moyenne de nos contr\u00e9es. Ses territoires de chasse se situent le long d\u2019eaux stagnantes ou \u00e0 courant lent. La Thur et ses anciens bras constituent donc pour elle un habitat id\u00e9al. Il ne chasse toutefois pas des poissons, mais des insectes, car beaucoup d\u2019esp\u00e8ces d\u2019insectes pondent leurs \u0153ufs dans ces eaux. Il rep\u00e8re les insectes \u00e0 la surface de l\u2019eau et les \u00ab cueille \u00bb dans les airs en d\u00e9ployant ses grandes pattes et sa membrane caudale. Des observations ont montr\u00e9 qu\u2019un seul animal peut de cette fa\u00e7on attraper jusqu\u2019\u00e0 2000 insectes par nuit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Myotis daubentonii en qu\u00eate de nourriture (source : Marko K\u00f6nig, https:\/\/fledermausschutz.ch\/wasserfledermaus)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les douces nuits d\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 sont anim\u00e9es, et pas seulement chez les hommes : les chauves-souris \u00e9galement sont actives apr\u00e8s la tomb\u00e9e de la nuit, et fascinent avec leur vol rapide comme l\u2019\u00e9clair. Ce qui surprend bien des gens : 30 diff\u00e9rentes esp\u00e8ces de chauves-souris vivent en Suisse. Elles constituent ainsi le groupe de mammif\u00e8res autochtones qui compte le plus grand nombre d\u2019esp\u00e8ces !<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[261],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29829","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-flore-faune-suisse"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/naturzentrum-thurauen.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29829","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/naturzentrum-thurauen.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/naturzentrum-thurauen.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/naturzentrum-thurauen.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/naturzentrum-thurauen.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29829"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/naturzentrum-thurauen.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29829\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29853,"href":"https:\/\/naturzentrum-thurauen.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29829\/revisions\/29853"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/naturzentrum-thurauen.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29829"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/naturzentrum-thurauen.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29829"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/naturzentrum-thurauen.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29829"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}